A hemangioma is a type of vascular birthmark that is formed by additional blood vessels in the skin. It is a harmless growth. The precise cause is unknown. Hemangiomas are not usually hereditary, however others in the family may have had them as well.
Girls are more likely than males to have hemangiomas. Premature infants, twins, and Caucasian children are more likely to have them. Most hemangiomas go through numerous stages of development. Then they begin to leave on their own.
Most occur in the first few weeks of birth and grow quickly throughout the first two to three months.
The hemangioma may grow more slowly during the next 3 to 4 months.
The hemangioma will thereafter usually remain unchanged for a length of time.
Around the age of one year, the hemangioma begins to diminish and fade in colour. This occurs throughout the next one to ten years. During this time, many people disappear totally. By the age of five, 50% of all hemangiomas will be flat and lighter in colour. Many are gone or only faintly visible by the age of ten.
Some hemangiomas leave behind soft, wrinkled skin in regions where the hemangioma had previously extended. Others may leave a trail of superficial (surface) blood vessels. If the child's skin alterations persist, there are procedures that can be utilised to address the changes when he or she is older. Among these include surgery and laser treatments.
Hemangioma types
Hemangiomas can appear on any part of the body. Some children may have multiples. There are three major kinds:
Superficial: These appear flat at first, then turn brilliant red with a raised, uneven surface.
Deep: These have a smooth surface and appear as a bluish-purple swelling.
Mixed: These hemangiomas are a mix of superficial and deep components.
Diagnosis
The doctor can typically identify if your child has a hemangioma by looking at his or her skin. If the diagnosis is unclear, an ultrasonography scan or an MRI may be required.
When Medical Attention Is Required
The hemangioma may require treatment if:
The skin "breaks down," resulting in an open sore.
It becomes infected (especially if it is in the diaper area).
It wreaks havoc on any of the following:
Vision
Breathing
Hearing
Eating
Diaper changes
It is either very huge or an aesthetic issue, such as on the face.
Treatment
Most hemangiomas resolve on their own over time. There are several therapy options available if the hemangioma is posing an issue. Your child's doctor will consult with you to determine the best option for your child. This could be determined by the size, location, and behaviour of your child's hemangioma.
Treatment options may include:
Topical medication
Topical beta blockers: These may help lighten and limit the growth of the hemangioma. This is more effective on tiny, superficial hemangiomas.
Topical antibiotics: Topical antibiotics are used when there are open sores and there is a risk of infection.
Oral medication. If your child is receiving oral medication, he or she will be constantly monitored for side effects. Before beginning, he or she may require exams.
Propranolol is now the first-line therapeutic choice for hemangiomas that are causing concern.
Prednisone is utilized in certain circumstances where other treatments have failed or if propranolol cannot be administered.
Surgical removal of the growth: When the hemangioma has ceased developing or other therapies have failed, this option may be considered. Surgery may be done to remove hemangioma-related marks.
Laser: This may lessen the appearance of hemangioma-related blood vessels.
When to Consult a Doctor
If the area appears to be infected, contact your child's doctor right once. These are infection symptoms:
Redness
Pus
Fever of more than 101 degrees Fahrenheit
The skin appears to be open
Skin deteriorates
If your child is on oral steroids, the medication should never be abruptly discontinued. Make sure the prescription is completed before your child gets the final dose. When the time comes, the doctor will give you specific advice on how to gradually discontinue the medication.
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